Ngokuqhubeka kokunzulu kophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kophando lwezixhobo zokusebenza, uluhlu lwesicelo nalo luyanda. Okwangoku, abasebenzi be-surfactants baye baba zizinto eziphambili zezinto zokucoca, kwaye banemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwizithambiso, ezifana nokugxotha, ukusabalalisa, ukuxubusha, ukukhupha amagwebu nokucoca izithambiso.

1) Ukunyanzeliswa

Into emulsifying ngokufanayo into engenamanzi enyibilikayo emanzini ukwenza i-emulsion ibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsification. Iemulsifiers zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yeekhrim kunye nezinto zokuthambisa kwizithambiso. I-creamy powdery cream kunye ne-cream engathathi hlangothi zombini zi-0 / W zohlobo lweemulsions, ezinokuqiniswa nge-anionic emulsifier fatty acid sipo (isepha). Kulula ukulungiselela i-emulsions ngeoyile encinci ngesepha emulsification, kunye nefuthe le-gelling yesepha lingenza ukuba libe ne-viscosity enkulu. Kwiikhrim ezibandayo eziqukethe ioyile eninzi, iemulsions ubukhulu becala ziluhlobo lwe-O / O, kunye ne-lanolin yendalo yokufunxa amanzi amakhulu kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu inokusetyenziselwa i-emulsification. Okwangoku, i-emulsifier engasetyenziswanga kakhulu ye-non-ionic kukuba i-non-ionic emulsifier ikhuselekile kwaye ine-irritation esezantsi. I-ester edumileyo ye-asidi ye-acid (i-Span) kunye ne-ethylene oxide adduct (Tween) zi-emulsifiers ezilungileyo ezingadibaniyo. I-Span ilipophilic kwaye iTween i-hydrophilic, kwaye ezi zimbini zixubekile. Isetyenziswe kwi-O / W emulsions, inokwenza i-emulsions ngokuzinza okuhle kunye nokuhlangana okuphezulu kwesikhumba.

2) Ukunyanzeliswa

Isenzeko sokwandisa ukunyibilika kwezinto ezinyibilikayo kancinci okanye ezingenanyibilikisi kuthiwa kukunyibilikisa. Xa i-surfactant yongezwa emanzini, uxinzelelo lomhlaba lwamanzi luya kwehla ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni, emva koko kuyenziwa ii-micelles zee-molekyuli ezisebenzayo. Uxinzelelo lwe-surfactant esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-micelles ibizwa ngokuba yi-micelle concentration. Xa uxinizelelo lomntu osebenza emanzini efikelela kwi-micelle yoxinaniso, i-micelle inokufumana ioyile okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo kwelinye icala lesiseko se-lipophilic, oko ke kuyonyusa ukunyibilika kwento enyibilikayo encinci okanye enganyibilikiyo.

Isinyibilikisi kwizithambiso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeelothisi, iinwele zetoni kunye neenwele. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo njengezinyibilikisi kufuneka zibe ne-hydrophilicity ephezulu, i-HLB> 15, enjengeoyile ye-polyoxyethylene eyomeleleyo, ioyile ye-polyoxyethylene, i-oli enefuthe lotywala i-polyoxyethylene ether, i-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Ether, i-polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester kunye ne-polyglycerin

Izithako ezinamafutha kwizithambiso, ezinjengeziqholo, ioyile, kunye neevithamini ezinyibilika ngeoyile, zinendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilikiswa ngenxa yomehluko kulwakhiwo kunye nokuqina. Ke ngoko, ii-surfactants ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe njengezinyibilikisi. Umzekelo, izinto solubilization into yokuthambisa iziqholo, ioyile kunye namayeza, njl., Ke ialkyl polyoxyethylene ethers inokusetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa. Nangona i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (uhlobo lwe-OP, uhlobo lwe-TX) inesakhono esomeleleyo sokunyibilikisa, iyacaphukisa emehlweni kwaye ayisetyenziswa. Ukongeza, i-castor-based amphoteric derivatives ine-solubility egqibeleleyo kwioyile yeoyile kunye neoyile yemifuno, kwaye ezo zinto zingasebenzi ziyacaphukisa emehlweni kwaye zilungele ukulungiswa kweeshampu ezingacaphukisi kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa.

3) Ukusasazeka

Into apho izinto ezingenakunyibilika emanzini zenze amasuntswana kwimeko yokuhlakazeka ngokufanayo emanzini ibizwa ngokuba kukusasazeka. Inkqubo yokusasazeka kwezithambiso ibandakanya iindawo ezintathu: umgubo, isinyibilikisi kunye nokusasazeka. Umgubo lungohlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: zombala ezingaphiliyo (ezifana talc, mica, titanium dioxide, carbon emnyama, njalo njalo) kunye zombala eziphilayo (ezifana phthalocyanine blue, njalo njalo), ikakhulu ukwenza izithambiso zibe umbala ithoni elungileyo, can gubungela umbala ongasemva, kwaye zisebenzise kakuhle iiSolvents zahlulwe zaziindidi ezimbini: ezisekwe emanzini kunye nezingaxinanisiyo. Abasasazi abasetyenziswa njengeendaba yi-hydrophilic (esebenzayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi) kunye ne-lipophilic (esebenzayo kwiinkqubo ezingezizo ezamanzi). Ke ngoko, le nkqubo inokudibanisa okuninzi.

Uninzi lwee-surfactants ezisetyenziselwa ukusasaza zombini i-emulsifiers kunye ne-dispersants, ezinjenge-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, i-sorbitan fatty acid esters, i-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, i-alkyl ether carboxylates kunye ne-alkyl ethers. I-Sulfonates, njl., Zonke zinendawo elungileyo yokusasaza. Ukuze umgubo usasazeke ngokupheleleyo kulwelo, ulwelo kufuneka lubenakho ukumanzisa umphezulu womgubo kakuhle. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha umntu osebenza ngokusempilweni, qala ngokujonga i-HLB yomphezulu womgubo kunye nendawo yokusasaza. Ngokubanzi, xa usebenzisa i-lipophilic powders kwiinkqubo ezisekwe emanzini, ii-hydrophilic surfactants kufuneka zisetyenziswe ikakhulu.

4) Ukucoca isiphumo

Iimveliso zobuqu ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ikakhulu zibandakanya ishampu, ijeli yokuhlamba kunye nokucoca ubuso. Ukongeza ekucoceni, ekwenzeni amagwebu kunye nokuthambisa imisebenzi, eyona nto iphambili ngoku bubulali kulusu. Oku kufuna ukuba umntu osebenza emanzini angonakalisi iiseli zesikhumba, ayichaphazeli iproteni yolusu, kwaye ayingeni okanye ingene kulusu. Ukugcina ioyile yolusu kunye nolusu ngokwalo luqhelekile.

Ama-anionic surfactants anembali ende yokucoca. Ukukhutshwa kwesepha akunakulinganiswa nezinye iisepha. I-lauryl sulphate yesodium yinto ekrwada esetyenziselwa izinto zokucoca, inokwenza ulusu lube nefuthe elifanelekileyo lokucoca. Amayeza e-Amphoteric, imidazoline, i-cocamidopropyl betaine kunye nee-amino acid zonke zizinto ezicocekileyo zokucoca, kwaye zizinto eziyimfuneko ekulungiseleleni iimveliso zokucoca ubuso eziphezulu, ishampu yokunyamekela iinwele kunye neeshampu zentsana.

5) Impembelelo ethambileyo kunye ne-antistatic

Abaqhubi beCationic zezona zinto ziphambili zokulungisa imeko yeemveliso zokulungisa iinwele ezinje ngezixhobo zokuthambisa kunye nezokupholisa. Banokuthamba okuhle kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokudlala kwaye badlala indima eyodwa kwizinwele zokuthambisa iinwele. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhuluizixhobo zecationic zii-monoalkyl kunye ne-dialkyl quaternary iityuwa zeammoniumOko kukuthi, i-C16-18 monoalkyl ammonium salts, kabini C16-18 alkyl quaternary iityuwa zeammonium kwaye alkylbenzyl iquaternary ammonium salt. Ubungakanani obungalinganiyo,octyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium ityuwa kunye ne-3-cetyl methyl ammonium yetyuwa, ezi salti ze-quaternary ammonium zineziphumo ezilungileyo kwikama elomileyo, ikama emanzi kunye nokudibanisa iinwele. Kutshanje, eyona nto ibambisa amehlo yityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium ethathwe kwilanolin fatty acid. Ayicaphukisi kangako kwaye igcina amanzi kunye neepropathi zokumanzisa ze-lanolin kunye neempawu zeizixhobo zecationic, ezinokunika iinwele ukufuma okufumileyo kunye nokuthinta okukhethekileyo njengokuthamba.

6) Ukumanzi kunye nokungena

Njengezimonyo, akufuneki babe neziphumo zobuhle kuphela, kodwa bazive bekhululekile kwaye bethambile xa zisetyenziswa. Oku akunakwahlulwa kwimpembelelo yokumanzisa ama-surfactants. Kule nkalo, ii-biosurfactants zifezekise iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Njengecandelo elibalulekileyo leeseli zebhayiloji, i-phospholipids idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimetabolism yeseli kunye nommiselo we-membrane membrane permeation, kunye nokugcinwa kokufuma okuhle kunye nokuqina kolusu lomntu. I-Sophorolipid biosurfactants inolwalamano olwahlukileyo kulusu, olunokwenza ulusu luthambe kwaye lumanzi. Usebenziso lwe-biochemical synthesis kunye nezinye iindlela ukulungiselela izinto ezisebenzayo ze-biochemical kunye neevitamin derivatives, amalungiselelo e-enzyme, izinto zokukhula kweseli (i-EGF, i-DFGF), i-collagen, i-elastin, i-ceramide kunye ne-hyaluronic acid, njl. Ingena eluswini, ithathe inxaxheba kwimetabolism yeeseli zolusu kunye nezicubu, utshintshe ukwakheka kwezicubu zolusu, njl.