1. Ubume ngokubanzi

Ama-amphoteric surfactants abhekisa kuwo omabini amaqela e-cationic hydrophilic kunye nama-anionic hydrophobic amaqela kulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli, ezinokuthi zijongiswe kwisisombululo samanzi kwaye zibonise iimpawu ze-anionic surfactants phantsi komgangatho othile ophakathi, kodwa phantsi kwenye imeko ephakathi Ludidi lwabasebenza bonisa iimpawu zecactic surfactants.

Uhlobo lwe-Betaine lwe-amphoteric surfactants lubhekisa kwiklasi yeekhompawundi ezinesakhiwo esifana neso semveliso yendalo betaine. Igama leekhemikhali le-betaine yi-trimethylammonium acetate. Yimveliso yendalo efunyenwe yiScheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) yaza yahlulwa kwincindi yebeet. I-Scheibler ebizwa ngokuba yi-betaine beta-in emva kwegama layo lesiLatini iBeta vulgaris.

Ngo-1876, u-Bruhl wamkela igama elithi betaine kwaye wacebisa ukuba iikhompawundi ezinezakhi ezifanayo njengeemveliso zendalo zithiwe “ukubheja", Eziziintlobo ze-betaine amphoteric surfactants. Uhlobo lwe-Betaine lwe-amphoteric surfactants lungahlulwa lube luhlobo lwe-carboxylic acid, uhlobo lweasidi ye-asidi, uhlobo lwesulfate, uhlobo lwesulfite, uhlobo lwe-phosphate, uhlobo lwe-phosphite, uhlobo lwe-phosphonic acid kunye nohlobo lwe-phosphonite ngokohlobo lweqela le-asidi. . Okwangoku, uphando lwasekhaya kwii-betaine surfactants lusebenza kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwe-carboxylic acid, uhlobo lwe-acid ye-acid kunye ne-phosphate iimveliso zichazwe ngakumbi.

Uninzi lwamaziko okuhlawulisa afanelekileyo e-betaine-type amphoteric surfactants axhaswa kwi-quaternary ammonium N athom, ngelixa amaziko okuhlawulisa kakubi axhaswa kumaqela e-asidi ahlawuliswe kakubi. Umahluko phakathi kwe-betaine-type amphoteric surfactants kunye nezinye i-amphoteric surfactants kukuba ngenxa yobukho be-quaternary ammonium nitrogen kwimolekyuli, ayizukubakho ngendlela ye-anionic surfactants kwizisombululo ze-alkaline. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-pH, uhlobo lwe-betaine amphoteric surfactants ziya kubakho kuphela ngendlela ye-zwitterionic okanye i-cationic surfactants. Ke ngoko, kummandla we-isoelectric, ii-betaine amphoteric surfactants azikho kwimeko yokuncipha okubukhali njengamanye amayeza e-amphoteric ane-nitrogen esisiseko.

Uhlobo lwe-Betaine lwama-amphoteric surfactants lwahlukile nakwizinto ezisebenza ngecationic. Abanye babaphandi (Beckett AH 1963) bakholelwa ekubeni kufuneka ichongwe njenge “quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant”; I-Moore CD (1960) ikholelwa ekubeni kufuneka ichazwe njenge "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". Ngokungafaniyo ne-cationic surfactants ezinje nge "quaternary quaternary ammonium surfactants", uhlobo lwe-betaine amphoteric surfactants inokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-anionic surfactants kwaye ayizukubumba iikhompawundi "ezingathathi cala ngombane".

Uhlobo lwe-Betaine lwe-amphoteric surfactants yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-amphoteric surfactants. Inokuhambelana ngokugqwesileyo kunye ne-anionic, cationic kunye ne-nonionic surfactants, ineziphumo ezihambelana kakuhle, kwaye inobulali kwindalo. Inezinto ezintle ezichasayo, iipropathi zebacteria, iipropathi ezichasayo, kwaye kulula ukubola. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lweekhemikhali lwemihla ngemihla. Ngophando olunzulu, ngakumbi ii-betaine-type surfactants ziya kuphuhliswa kwaye zisetyenziswe.

2. Inkqubela phambili yophando lwentlobo ye-betaine amphoteric surfactants

Kwangoko nge-1869, uLiebreich O. wasebenzisa i-trimethylamine ukulungiselela i-betaine; Ngo-1937, ingxelo yokuqala yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza yabonakala eUnited Kingdom, kwathi ngo-1940 iDuPont yanikela ingxelo ngothotho lokuqala lwe-betaine (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Ukusukela ngoko, amazwe ahlukeneyo aqalisile ukuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-amphoteric surfactants kubandakanya izinto ze-betaine. Ngokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwebetainefactactants, isantya sophando kule nkalo siyakhawulezisa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwaveliswa iimveliso ezininzi.

UXu Jinyun et al. I-octadecyl betaine elungiselelwe nge-octadecyl amine tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, kunye ne-sodium hydroxide njengezinto ezingavunyelwanga, kwaye kuvavanywa ukungavisisani komphezulu wayo, iipropathi ze-antistatic, iipropati zeemulsifying kunye nezinye iipropathi zesicelo. Isiseko se-betaine safaniswa. UZhang Li nabanye benze uphando malunga ne-chemistry ye-interface, enje ngoxinzelelo lomhlaba, i-microemulsion kunye neeparameter zolwakhiwo.

U-Chen Zonggang nabanye baphendule nge-asidi ye-stearic kunye ne-triethanolamine ukuvelisa i-triethanolamine stearate, kwaye balawula umlinganiso wee-reactants ukwenza imveliso ikakhulu ibe yi-dieser, emva koko baphendula nge-quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate ukuvelisa i-triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Eli gcisa linokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokuthambisa yokuprinta kunye nokudaya. Ukuthamba kwayo kusondele kwioyile ye-amino silicone, ubumhlophe bayo kunye nokumanzi kwayo kungcono kune-amino silicone yeoyile, kwaye kulula ukubola. Yimveliso enobume bendalo.

UFangYiwen etal. I-lauroamidopropyl betaine eyenziweyo ene-N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine kunye ne-sodium chloroacetate njengezinto ezibonakalayo. Imveliso inamagwebu aphezulu, ukuzinzisa amagwebu kunye neepropathi zokuqina. , Ukuhambelana okuhle namanye amacandelo kwi-shampoo.

U-Chen Hongling et al. zadityaniswa ezimbini sulfoimidazolineukubheja ukusebenzisa isodiyam 2-bromoethyl sulfonate njengezinto ezisisiseko se-hydrophilic kunye ne-alkyl imidazoline kwaye bavavanya iipropathi zabo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ifomula yolwakhiwo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

UJiang Liubo ufumana i-N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine ngokususa i-sodium chloride kwi-sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate kunye ne-lauramide dimethylpropylamine ngokuphendula, nganye Izalathi zobuchwephesha ngokusisiseko zihambelana neemveliso zegama langaphandle. Inentsebenzo enobulali, ukucaphuka okuphantsi kakhulu, isityebi kunye ne-foam entle, kunye nokumelana kwamanzi kunye nokuvalwa kwenzalo.

I-Nonglanping isebenzisa i-dodecanol, i-epichlorohydrin, i-chloroethanol kunye ne-dimethylamine njengezinto ezingavuthiyo, kunye ne-P2O5 njenge-phosphorylation reagent, kwaye igama elenziweyo ngu-2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

UCen Bo et al. ukwahlulwa nokucocwa kwe-dehydroabietylamine kwi-rosin amine engafaniyo, emva koko kwenziwa i-N-dehydroabietyl-N nge-N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine njengempahla eluhlaza. I-N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine kunye ne-chloride yayo ziindidi ezimbini ezintsha ze-betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

UWang Jun et al. Yadibanisa uhlobo lwe-betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine ene-epichlorohydrin, isodiyam bisulfite kunye ne-dodecyl amine ephezulu njengezinto ezingafunekiyo, iimeko zokuphendula zilungisiwe.

 

I-Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. ilungiselele iintlobo ezimbini ze-betaine-amphoteric surfactants ezinesakhiwo se-polyoxyethylene ngokuphendula i-alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl ephezulu ye-amine ene-chloroacetic acid okanye i-chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Qaphela imveliso yoshishino.

 

Amazwe angaphandle asekwinqanaba eliphambili kwicandelo le betainefactactants, Kwaye uphando lwabo kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso lufanelwe kukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufundwa. Umzekelo, ukuhlafuna, i-CH, njl.njl. I-betaine-type surfactant polymer AUDMAA ene-acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol kunye ne-aminoacetic acid. Ukugxininiswa kwayo kwe-micelle kwi-24 ℃ yi-9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Amandla ombane wokuvula amandla yi-50.2kJ / mol. UFuruno Takeshi et al. I-betaine-type surfactants N, i-N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine kunye ne-N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- kunye neoyile yeoyile enamafutha njengempahla eluhlaza. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) i-ammonium sulfonate.

 

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho izinto ezininzi ezonwabisayo eziye zaphucuka emzimbeni nakwimichiza betainefactactants. Umzekelo: YousukeOne, njl.dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine isifundo, indlela yokuziphatha ye-dielectric yesisombululo se-micellar se-betaine surfactant yafundwa. Ayinanto yakwenza nokuxinana kwe-micelles, kunye namandla okuphumla kwesisombululo se-amphoteric esitshintshayo ngokutshintsha ngokulinganayo kwinkxalabo, efanayo ne-aminoglycolato betaine enesakhiwo seekhemikhali se-betaine kodwa ingeyiyo eyokusebenza. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umphezulu we-micelle we-amphoteric surfactant ikwanomzuzu ofanayo wedipole kwangoko njengesisombululo se-glycine betaine.