1. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi

Kuba kukho isibophelelo se-polar N → 0 kwimolekyuli ye-amine oxide, kwaye umzuzu wedipole ngu-4.38D, ikhompawundi ineempawu zokuphakama okuphezulu kunye nendawo yokunyibilika okuphezulu. Iyanyibilika ngokulula kwizinyibilikisi polar ezinjengamanzi kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo ezisezantsi, kodwa kunzima ukuzinyibilikisa kwizinyibilikisi ezingezizo polar ezifana neoyile yamaminerali kunye ne-benzene.

Kwisisombululo esinamanzi, i-amine oxide ikhona kwisixa esikhulu ngohlobo lwehydrate (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), kodwa ngokutshintsha kwexabiso le-pH, ubumbano buya kutshintsha. Umzekelo, kwisisombululo se-alkaline nge-pH> 7, ubukhulu becala i-anionic surfactant. . Nangona kunjalo, kwizisombululo zeasidi kwi-pH <3, i-amine oxides ubukhulu becala ikwimo yee-cations [R1R2R3NOH] +. Isisombululo esinamanzi se-amine oxide sineempawu ezinobuthathaka, kwaye sisetyenziswa kwizithambiso ukwenza ulusu lube mhlophe.

2. Umsebenzi umphezulu

(1) umphezulu tension: Emva kokongeza amine oxide, uxinzelelo kumphezulu kwamanzi ziya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo kumphezulu wamanzi amsulwa yi-72.80 × 10-3N / m. Uxinzelelo lobuso kuxinzelelo lwe-micelle ebalulekileyo (cmc) yee-oxide ezahlukeneyo ze-amine zimalunga ne-30 × 10-3N / m. Kwi-cmc, uxinzelelo kumphezulu we-amine oxide isezantsi kakhulu kunaleyo yetyuwa ye-ammonium, ke ngoko umphezulu womsebenzi we-amine oxide ungcono kunowetyuwa ye-ammonium.

(2) Ukuyekisa ukungcola: Xa i-amine oxide ixutywe ne-AES okanye i-AS, inefuthe lokudibanisa ukungcola, kodwa xa ixutywe ne-LAS, ukusebenza kwayo akulunganga. Imveliso yokuhlamba umlomo isebenzisa i-12% ye-fatty acid (C12: C18 = 12: 1), 13% non-ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. Ukuba inani elithile le-amine oxide longezwa, umphumo wokucoca uya kuba ulunge kakhulu.

(3) Ukugxininisa amandla: Ukuqinisa amandla sisalathiso sokulinganisa umgangatho weemulsifiers. Umzekelo, emulsify isisombululo se-amine oxide yolwelo kunye nesinyibilikisi se-petroleum phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo kwi-70 ° C, emva koko ujonge utshintsho lwevolumu emva kwe-emulsification. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kwi-amine oxide homologs, amandla e-emulsification anda ngokunyuka kwenani lekhabhoni yeqela le-alkyl elide. Olunye uphawu lwe-amine oxide njenge-emulsifier kukuba inokumisa kuluhlu olubanzi lwexabiso le-pH, ngakumbi kwimithombo yeendaba ene-asidi, inokudibana ne-quaternary ammonium cations njengezilondolozo kunye neebactericides, ayizukuthintela ukusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion i-preservative, kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokuchasene nokubola, okungaphaya kokufikelelwa zezinye izinto ezingenziwanga ionic.

(4) Ukuzinzisa amagwebu kunye nokuzinzisa amagwebu: I-Amine oxide yinto esebenzayo yokuzinzisa amagwebu, esetyenziswa rhoqo kulwelo lokuhlamba iimpahla okanye isepha yokuhlamba izitya. Imveliso enedosi ye-1% ukuya kwi-5% inentsebenzo ethambileyo, akukho kucaphuka emehlweni, kunye nokumelana namanzi anzima. Inentsebenzo elungileyo, kwaye amagwebu aphezulu emanzini anzima nge-pH = 9, 300mg / kg. Xa i-fatty alcohol sodium sulphate (AS) ixutywe ne-amine oxide, igwebu ligcwele kwaye lizinzile, nokuba kukho igrisi, ayizukutshintsha. Ke ngoko, ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye neearhente ezisebenzayo ze-anionic ezinje nge-LAS, AS, AES, SAS, njl., Kwaye inefuthe elilungileyo lokuchasana. I-foam eveliswe yi-amine oxide inemvakalelo yokuhombisa kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiishampu kunye neemveliso zeshawari.

(5) Thickening effect: Amine oxide has a good thickening effect. For example, the mass fraction of amine oxide mixed with AES (1:9) is 15% active substance solution (the following% are all mass fractions), in an acid medium , Even with little salt, the thickening effect is obvious, and it is mild and has good conditioning. Amine oxide 4.5%, AES 8.5%, NaCl 4%, pH=8, viscosity (20°C) up to 7Pa·s, cloud point <-5°C, but for the solubilization and thickening of shampoo, the carbon atom is preferably C14. The thickening effect of amine oxide can also be used in high alkaline bleach (9% C12, 0.5% NaOH, 4% Na2CO3, a small amount of amine oxide), 10% HCl solution added 1.5% dihydroxyethyl tallow base Amine oxide and 1.5% tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride can increase the consistency to 1Pa·S.

Xa uxinzelelo lwe-oxide ye-amine idlula uluhlu oluthile, isigaba esiphakathi kakhulu senziwe. Nokuba iqondo lobushushu lonyukile, alinakuguqulwa liye kwisigaba seselfotropic eshukumayo. Ke ngoko, xa i-amine oxide iveliswa, kuphela malunga ne-30% yesisombululo samanzi esinokufunyanwa, ekunzima ukusifumana Kwiimveliso ezinokuxinana okuphezulu, ii-anionic surfactants kufuneka zongezwe ukufumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweemveliso ze-ammonium oxide.

） 4） Ukuhambelana namayeza asebenzayo anionic

Ukusebenza kwe-amine oxide amphoteric surfactants kuyinto enobulali. Ii-anionic surfactants kunye ne-amine oxides zisetyenziswa kwinani elikhulu lezinto zokucoca ukucutha ukucaphukisa ii-anionic surfactants kunye nokufumana iziphumo ezizodwa. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-amine oxide lusezantsi kune-cmc, ukuxubana ne-anionic surfactants ukwenza ii-anion kunye ne-cations kuyonyusa i-pH yemvula, ebangelwa kukuthambekela kwe-amine oxide; kwi-cmc, ezi fom ezimbini zixubene ne-micelles; ephezulu kwi-cmc, i-anion eyenziweyo kunye neetyuwa zetyal ziyanyibilika kwimichelles exubeneyo.

Xa i-pH≥8, i-amine oxide ibonisa iimpawu ezingezo-ionic kwaye zinokudityaniswa kunye ne-anions; xa i-pH≤8, ukungqinelana nee-anion kuya kuvelisa indawo engabonakaliyo, kukhokelela kwimvula; xa i-pH≤6, ezi zimbini zidityaniswa ngokomlinganiso ofanelekileyo. I-amine oxide kunye ne-anionic surfactant zidibanisa ukwenza isibini se-anion-cation ukwenza isisombululo esibonakalayo. Ngeli xesha, ityuwa ye-anion-cation inyibilikisiwe kwii-micelles ezigqithileyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswa i-dimethyl amine oxide endaweni ye-dimethyl amine oxide, ukuhambelana kuya kuba ngcono; ukuba ithathe indawo ye-amine oxide equkethe amacandelo e-polyoxyethylene ether, umphumo uya kuba ngowona mhle.

(5) Ubutyhefu bendalo

I-amine oxide yinto engeyiyo inetyhefu okanye inetyhefu encinci. Isisombululo sesitokhwe esithengisayo sinesikhumba esikrwada kwimivundla, kwaye namehlo ayacaphukisa. Kwi-2% yoxinaniso, akukho caphukiso; Yondliwe yambathiswa i-alkyl dimethyl kangangeminyaka emibini. I-Amine oxide, akukho carcinogenesis ebangelwe yi-amine oxide ifunyenwe. I-biodegradability ye-amine oxide ilungile, i-88% inokuthotywa emva kweeveki ezimbini kunye ne-93% kwiiveki ezi-4. I-amine oxide ngokusisiseko ayinayo ityhefu kwaye inokucaphuka okuphantsi kakhulu kulusu namehlo. Ngokwengxelo kaKLein: I-LD50 ye-amine oxide yi-2000mg / kg ～ 6000mg / kg, ephantse yalingana ne-LD50 yetyuwa yetafile ye-4000mg / kg. Xa ixutywe nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, i-amine oxide inezinto ezichasayo ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-shampoo yokuthintela inkwethu ukunciphisa ukucaphuka kwe-ZPT. Ukongeza, kwi-shampoos ene-asidi kunye nezisombululo ze-asidi, i-amine oxide inokunxibelelana namaqela e-carboxyl kwiinwele nakwi-engile yolusu. Ingayilungisa inwele, iyinciphise iflutter, kulula ukuyidibanisa, kwaye iphucule ukurhabaxa kolusu.

(6) Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane

I-alkyl amine oxide inomsebenzi othile wokulwa ne-antibacterial, kodwa ayifikeleli kwiipropathi ze-bactericidal ezinamandla zetyuwa ye-ammonium. Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zefomula eziqukethe i-amine oxide zineempawu zazo zokubulala, ezinokuthintela ukukhula kwesikhunta kunye nokugcina umsebenzi omkhulu kwizisombululo ezingxenge kakhulu. . Ezinye izinto ze-amine oxides zibonisa iipropathi eziphezulu ze-bactericidal, kwaye zisetyenziswa kwiisepha njenge-bactericidal deodorants, kwaye kwane-iodine equlathe i-bactericides yenzelwe ukonyusa ukunyibilika kunye nozinzo lwe-iodine, kwaye idlale indima kwinzalo nakwintsebenziswano. Phakathi kwazo, ifuthe le-dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus ilingana naleyo ye-cationic surfactant ehambelanayo, ngelixa isiphumo sokuvalwa kwezinye i-amine oxides sisezantsi.

(7) I-Antistatic

I-Amine oxide ine-hygroscopicity ephezulu kunye notyekelo lwe-ionization, kwaye inokwenza ifilimu eqhubayo eqhubekekayo kumphezulu wefayibha okanye i-resin, ke ineempawu ezintle ze-antistatic. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye arhente antistatic, inkalo yayo inkulu utshintsho ukufuma kokusingqongileyo, Isiphumo antistatic has utshintsho oluncinci, kwaye ibonisa intsebenzo antistatic elungileyo nkqu phantsi ukufuma asezantsi. I-Amine oxide ikwanokuzinza okuthile kobushushu kunye nokuthambisa okuhle, inokudibana nezinto zokuthambisa eziqhelekileyo, i-emulsifiers kunye nezinye ii-antistatic agents, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

(8) Antioxidant

I-Amine oxide ayikwazi ukubakho kuphela kwisisombululo se-hypochlorite iyodwa, kodwa ikwanceda amanye ama-surfactants ukuzinzisa i-hypochlorite, ngenxa yoko isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-sterilization kunye ne-disinfection detergents.