1. Surfactant kuxhaphazo lweoyile olunzima

Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kweoyile enzima, kuzisa ubunzima ekuxhaphazeni. Ukuxhaphaza ezioyile zinzima, ngamanye amaxesha kuyafuneka ukuba kutofelwe isisombululo esinamanzi se-surfactants equleni ukuze kuguqulwe i-oyile enesisindo esikhulu kwi-emulsion ye-oyile-emanzini kunye nokumpompa ngaphezulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-oyile emulsification ye-oyile kunye neendlela zokunciphisa i-viscosity zibandakanya isodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulphate yetyuwa yesodium, njl. kufuneka yahlule amanzi kwaye isebenzise amanye amashishini asebenza njengamashishini okubuyisela ukungabikho komzimba. Aba bahlaziyi-emulsifiers ngamanzi-kwioli. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ii-cationic surfactants okanye i-naphthenic acid, i-asphaltene acid kunye neetyuwa zazo zesinyithi. Kwioyile ekhethekileyo enzima, iindlela zokutsala izixhobo zokumpompa eziqhelekileyo azinakusetyenziswa, kwaye inaliti yomphunga iyafuneka ukuze kubuyiswe ubushushu. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal recovery, ii-surfactants ziyafuneka. Ukujova amagwebu kwisitofu somphunga kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ukujova iarhente enegwebu lobushushu obuphezulu kunye negesi enganyangekiyo yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zokumodareyitha.

Iiarhente ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphaka amagwebu zi-alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether kunye ne-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-gemini, njl njl. , ioksijini, ubushushu kunye neoyile, izixhobo ezinefluorine eziqulethe izixhobo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ukwenza ioyile esasazekileyo kube lula ukudlula kulwakhiwo lomqala wepore, okanye ukwenza ioyile kumphezulu woyilo ukuba ikhutshwe lula, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa umntu osebenza emanzini obizwa ngokuba yifilimu ecekeceke yokusasaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ii-gemini surfactants kunye ne-alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Ukuxhaphaza i-oyile ekrwada ye-wax kunye ne-surfactants kufuna ukulawulwa kwe-wax rhoqo kunye nokususwa kwe-wax. Izinto ezisebenza ngokudibeneyo zisebenza njenge-wax inhibitors kunye nokususa i-wax. Izinto ezisebenza ngokunyibilikisa ioyile kunye nezinto ezinyibilikiswa ngamanzi zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-wax. Eyokuqala idlala indima yokuthintela i-wax ngokutshintsha iipropathi zekristale yomgangatho we-wax. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ezisinyibilika kwioyile ziyi-petroleum sulfonates kunye ne-amine surfactants. Izixhobo ezinyibilikayo ngamanzi zidlala indima yokuthintela i-wax ngokutshintsha iipropathi zemihlaba yokuthambisa (enje nge-tubing, i-sucker rods kunye neendawo zokusebenza). Izinto ezisebenzayo ezinokusetyenziswa zii-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-quaternary ammonium yetyuwa, i-alkane polyoxyethylene ether, i-polyoxyethylene ether enuka kamnandi kunye neetyuwa ze-sodium sulfonate. Izinto ezenziwayo zokususa i-wax nazo zahlulwe zangamacandelo amabini, i-oyile enyibilikayo yokususa i-oyile esekwe kwi-oyile, uhlobo lwesinyibilikisi olunyibilikayo ngamanzi, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium yetyuwa, uhlobo lwe-polyether, uhlobo lwe-Tween, uhlobo lwe-OP kunye ne-OP yohlobo lwee-surfactants zisetyenziselwa ukususa i-wax esekwe emanzini. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe baye badibanisa ukususwa kwe-wax kunye nokuthintela, kunye nokususa i-oyile esekwe kwi-oyile kunye nokususa i-wax esekwe emanzini, ukuvelisa i-wax hybrid. Le ntengiso isusa iarhente isebenzisa iihydrocarbon ezinevumba elimnandi kunye neehydrocarbons ezinamakha njengesiqendu seoyile, kunye ne-emulsifier enomsebenzi wokususa i-wax njengesigaba samanzi. Xa i-emulsifier ekhethiweyo sisixhobo esingasebenziyo esinendawo yelifu efanelekileyo, singenziwa ukuba sifikelele okanye sidlule kwinqanaba laso kubushushu obungaphantsi kwecandelo le-waxing yequla leoyile, ukuze umsusi we-wax oxutyiweyo akwazi ngaphambi kokungena kwicandelo le-waxing, i-emulsion yaphukile, kwaye iintlobo ezimbini ze-wax ezisusa ii-arhente zahluliwe, kwaye badlala indima yokususa i-wax ngaxeshanye.

3. Surfactant esetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa udongwe

Icandelo elizinzileyo lodongwe luthintela izimbiwa ekudumbeni kwaye lithintele amasuntswana eeminerali ekufudukeni. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela udongwe ekudumbeni, njengohlobo lwetyuwa ye-amine, uhlobo lweetyuwa le-amonium yetyuwa, uhlobo lwetyuwa lwe-pyridine, ityuwa ye-imidazoline kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenza nge-cationic. Izinto ezingena-ionic-cationic ezisebenza ngokuqulatha i-fluorine ziyafumaneka ukunqanda ukufuduka kwamasuntswana embiwa.

4. Izinto ezingafunekiyo ezisetyenziselwa amanyathelo e-acidification

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-acidification, uninzi lwezongezo ngokubanzi longezwa kwisisombululo seasidi. Nawuphi na umntu osebenza ngokusempilweni onokuthi ahambelane neasidi kwaye abhengezwe ngokulula kuyilo unokusetyenziswa njenge-acidification retarder. Ezifana ne-amine hydrochloride enamafutha, i-quaternary ammonium ityuwa, i-pyridine ityuwa kwii-cationic surfactants kunye ne-polyoxyethylene sulfonated, i-carboxymethylated, i-phosphate enetyiwa okanye i-sulphate enetyiwa kwii-amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether njalo njalo. Amanye ama-surfactants, afana ne-dodecyl sulfonic acid kunye ne-alkyl amine salts, anokumisa i-asidi kwioyile ukuvelisa i-acid-in-oyile emulsion. Le emulsion isetyenziswa njenge-acidification ulwelo lweshishini kwaye ineziphumo ezinciphisayo.

Amanye ama-surfactants angasetyenziselwa njenge-anti-emulsifiers ye-acidified liquids. Izinto ezingafunekiyo ezinezakhiwo ezinamasebe ezinjenge-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether kunye ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine inokusetyenziswa njenge-acidification anti-emulsifiers. Amanye ama-surfactants anokusetyenziswa njengezincedisi zokuphelelwa ngamandla, ezinje ngohlobo lwetyuwa ye-amine, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium yetyuwa, uhlobo lwe-pyridine yetyuwa, i-non-ionic, amphoteric kunye ne-fluorinated surfactants.